Ua hana ʻo Kina i nā mea hou maʻamau maʻamau Fuel Injector Control Valve Assembly F00RJ01924 no Injector 0445120296 & 0445120102

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka prototype ʻōnaehana kaʻa maʻamau no nā ʻenekini kaʻa i ka hopena o 1960s e Robert Huber o Switzerland, a ua hoʻomohala hou ʻia ka ʻenehana e Kauka Marco Ganser ma ka Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ma Zurich, ma hope o Ganser-Hydromag AG ma Oberägeri.

He kūpono ka ʻōnaehana kaʻa maʻamau no nā ʻano kaʻa alanui āpau me nā mīkini diesel, mai nā kaʻa kūlanakauhale (e like me Fiat Panda) a i nā kaʻa hoʻokō (e like me Audi A8). ʻO nā mea hoʻolako nui o nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa maʻamau o kēia wā ʻo BOSCH, Delphi, Denso, a me Siemens VDO (na Continental AG i kēia manawa)

I loko o nā ʻōnaehana kaʻaahi maʻamau, hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi puʻu kiʻekiʻe i kahi waihona wahie ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe—a ma luna o 2,000 bar (200 MPa; 29,000 psi). ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "common rail" e pili ana i ka hoʻolako ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wahie a pau e kahi kaʻa wahie maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka mea hoʻohui puʻe kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka wahie ma ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi kēia accumulator i nā injectors wahie he nui me ka wahie kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ke kumu o ka paʻi kiʻekiʻe i ka mea e pono ai e mālama i kahi kaomi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ma ka mechanically a i ʻole electronically controlled). Hoʻomalu ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wahie e ka ʻenekini mana (ECU). Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wahie i ka uila, ua wehe ʻia kahi pahu hydraulic (ʻo ia ka nozzle a me ka plunger) me ka mechanically a wehe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wahie i loko o nā cylinders ma ke kaomi makemake. Ma muli o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka ikehu wahie ma kahi mamao a hoʻohana ʻia nā injectors, ua kokoke loa ke kaomi injection ma ka hoʻomaka a me ka hopena o ka injection i ke kaomi i ka accumulator (rail), no laila e hana ana i ka helu hoʻokalakupua. Inā kūpono ka nui o ka accumulator, pump, a me ka paipu, e like ke kaomi a me ka helu no kēlā me kēia hanana injection lehulehu.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā diesel kaʻa maʻamau ʻekolu-hanau [vague] i nā mea hoʻokomo piezoelectric no ka hoʻonui pololei ʻana, me nā kaomi wahie a hiki i 2,500 bar (250 MPa; 36,000 psi).