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Hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka mīkini diesel e hoʻololi ana i ka ikehu wela i ka ikehu mechanical ma o nā kaʻina hana ʻehā: intake, compression, work and exhaust. Kapa ʻia kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana he pōʻaiapili hana. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻenekini e hoʻopau i ka pōʻai hana ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka crankshaft ʻelua a hoʻopaʻa hou i ka piston ʻehā manawa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻenekini ʻehā. ʻO ke kumu hana o ka ʻenekini diesel ʻehā-stroke:

1. ʻAi ʻai

Hoʻokele ka crankshaft i ka piston e neʻe mai ke kikowaena make luna a i ke kikowaena make lalo. I kēia manawa, wehe ʻia ka valve intake a pani ʻia ka valve exhaust. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka piston, piʻi mālie ka nui o ka cylinder, e hana ana i kahi ʻūhā, no laila ua omo ka hui ʻana i loko o ka cylinder ma o ka valve intake a hiki i ka piston i ke kikowaena make lalo a pani ʻia ka valve intake.

Ma muli o ke kū'ē o ka intake o ka ʻōnaehana intake, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kinoea i loko o ka cylinder ma ka hopena o ka intake ma mua o ke kaomi lewa, ma kahi o 0.075MPa ~ 0.09MPa. Ma muli o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka paia cylinder a me ka piston a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke koena o ke kinoea i koe i ka pōʻai mua, piʻi ka mahana kinoea i 370K ~ 440K. ʻO ka mea i komo i loko o ka cylinder i ka wā o ka intake stroke, ʻaʻole ia he hui hoʻoheheʻe, akā ka ea maʻemaʻe.

2. Paʻi hoʻoemi

I ka pau ʻana o ka hahau ʻana, neʻe ka piston mai ke kikowaena make lalo a i ke kikowaena make luna i alakaʻi ʻia e ka crankshaft, a e emi mālie ka nui o ka cylinder. I kēia manawa, ua pani ʻia nā pahu komo a me ka hoʻopau ʻana, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ea maʻemaʻe. Hoʻopau ke kōmi ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o ka piston i ke kikowaena make luna. I loko o ke kaʻina hana hoʻopaʻa, hoʻonui ke kinoea a me ka mahana i ka manawa like, a hui pū ʻia ka hui ʻana. No ka mea nui ka nui o ka compression ratio o ka diesel, ma kahi o 15 a 22, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ke kaomi ma ka hopena o ke kaomi, hiki ke piʻi i ka 3MPa a hiki i 5MPa, a hiki i ka mahana ke hiki i 800K a 1000K.

3. Paʻi mana

I ka pau ʻana o ka paʻi paʻi ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka pauma wahie i ka diesel kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka ea wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka cylinder ma o ka injector ma ke ʻano o ka noe, e hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia a hana i kahi hui me ka. ea. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana o ka cylinder ma mua o ka wela auto-ignition o ka diesel (e pili ana i 500K), e ʻā koke ka hui ʻana o ka diesel a wela iā ia iho, a no kekahi manawa ma hope, piʻi nui ke kaomi a me ka mahana o ka cylinder i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai. wahie, hookui i ka piston ilalo e hana i ka hana. I ka wā o ka hahau mana, hiki ke piʻi koke i ka 5MPa ~ 10MPa, a hiki i ka mahana koke ke hiki i 1800K ~ 2200K.

4. ʻAha hoʻopau

Ke kokoke ka hahau mana i ka hopena, wehe ka pahu hoopau, pani ka pahu komo, a hookui ka crankshaft i ka piston mai ke kikowaena make lalo a hiki i ke kikowaena make luna ma o ke kookoo hookui. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea hoʻopau mai ka cylinder ma lalo o kāna kaomi koena a me ka pana ʻana o ka piston. Ke hōʻea ka piston i ke kikowaena make luna, pani ka pahu hoʻopau a pau ka hoʻopau. No ka mea, aia ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau, ma ka hopena o ka hoʻopau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi i loko o ka cylinder ma mua o ke kaomi o ka lewa, ma kahi o 0.105MPa ~ 0.115MPa, a ʻo ka mahana ma kahi o 900K ~ 1200K.

Ma waena o nā paʻi ʻehā, ʻo ka paʻi mana wale nō e hoʻopuka i ka mana, a ʻo nā paʻi ʻekolu ʻē aʻe he mau paʻi kōkua e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka paʻi mana, a pau lākou i ka ikehu. I ka pōʻaiapuni mua i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻenekini, pono e loaʻa kahi ikaika o waho e hoʻohuli i ka crankshaft e hoʻopau i ka intake a me ke kaomi ʻana. Ke hoʻomaka ka hahau mana, mālama ʻia ka ikehu hana i loko o ka flywheel ma o ka crankshaft e mālama i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā pōʻai hope.